This formula is a combination of three Pro-Retinoic acids (Retinol, Retinyl Actate, Retinyl Palmitate) and Vitamin E (Tocotrienol) and is bio-converted by enzymes within the skin and work to perform a very similar function as retinoic acid, without the irritation and discomfort. It helps to increase the skin's firmness, and create a more vibrant and evenly colored complexion.